Some Important Terminology Related to Electrical Engineering

Hi friend, Here I will share with you some important terminology to you related to electrical engineering.If you 

learn about electrical engineering or physics then you should know all the terminology that I will share with you in this article.After knowing basic terms of electrical engineering you could better understand the electrical related subjects.I hope you will enjoy this article. In this article i will share will you terminology like :-

• Electric charge 

• Free electron

• Electric current 

• Electric potential 

• Electric potential difference (voltage) 

• Electromotive force 

• Drift velocity 

• Resistance 

• Resistivity

• Conductance 

• Conductivity 

• Effect of temperature on resistance 

• Ohm's law 

• Electric power 

• Electrical energy 

• Commercial unit of electrical energy 

• Electric material 

I will cover these topics in this article.

  

  Basic term those used often in electrical engineering. 

1.Electric charge: -  When any matter placed in electromagnetic field it experiences a force this type of physical property of matter is known as electric charge.

 When two different matter rubs with each other they exchange some free electrons to each other. By exchanging electrons one becomes positively charged and another becomes negatively charged and hence both matter wants to become neutral by gaining electrons or losing excessive electrons. 

Unit of electric charge is Coulomb. 

2. Free electron: - All matter are consist from molecules and all the molecules are consist from atoms and also all atom is consist from three basic elements known as electrons, protons and neutrons.Electrons revolve in the orbits around the nucleus and nuclei is consists from protons and neutrons.All the electron that revolve in the outer orbit is known as free electron because they are far from nucleus so it is easy to remove electron from these orbit.

3. Electric current: - When any conductor connects through any voltage source then electrons move from lower potential to higher potential. This type of movement of electrons in a definite direction is known as electric current. The direction of electric current is opposite from free electrons. It is also known as conventional current. 

Unit of electric current is ampere.

4.Electric potential: -  Work done to bring a unit charge from infinite to any electric field is known as electric potential. 

     V=W/q volt . 

Unit of electric potential is volt. 

5.Electric potential difference :- work done to bring a unit charge from point A to point B in any electric field is known as electric potential difference.It is also known as voltage.

Unit of electric potential difference or voltage is also volt. 

6. Electromotive force :- work done to flow a unit charge in the whole circuit including battery (internal resistance) is known as electromotive force.

Unit of electromotive force is also volt.

It is denoted from symbol E.

 7.Drift velocity: - The average velocity of each electron in a conductor when potential difference applied its cross section is known as drift velocity.When potential difference applied cross section area of any conductor electron start moving from lower potential to higher potential in this whole process electrons collide with each other and atoms or positive ions due to collision the velocity of electron become slow.

The drift velocity of electrons are 10^-5m/s.

8.Resistance: - When potential difference is applied to any conductor's cross section then electrons start flow lower potential to higher potential and every matter opposes the flow of electrons.This type of opposition offered by matter is known as in electrical engineering is resistance.

Unit of resistance is ohm.

9.Resistivity: - Resistivity of any material is not dependent upon its length and cross section area. If we take a wire which length 1 metre and 1 m^2 cross section area then the resistance of this wire is equal to resistivity. 

Unit of resistivity is ohm-metre.

a).The resistivity of copper is 1.7×10^-8 ohm metres.

b).The resistivity of aluminium is 2.8×10^-8 ohm metres.

10.Conductance: -  It is the reciprocal of resistance. And its unit is mho.mho is also known as siemen. 

11.Conductivity: - Conductivity is reciprocal of resistivity. Its unit is mho metre^-1.

12.Effect of temperature on resistance: - Material are devide into three part named as below: 

Conductor 

Semiconductor 

Insulator 

And because it's divided into three parts, the effect of temperature on resistance is different in all of them. 

The conductor's effect of temperature rise is seen as a rise in resistance. 

On Semiconductor effect of temperature rise is seen as fall in resistance. 

On the Insulator effect of temperature rise is seen as also fall in the resistance. 

13. Ohm's law: - If all the physical condition are same like(pressure, temperature. ..etc.)or not changed then potential difference applied on a conductor's cross section area is directly proportional to electrical current flow through the conductor. It is known as Ohm's law. 

   V= I × R.

V= potential difference applied across conductor.

I= electric current flow through conductor. 

R= resistance of conductor.

14.Electric power: - Rate of doing work with respect to time by electrical energy is known as electric power. 

                   P=V×I.

15.Electrical energy: - To maintain electric current in a circuit the loss of electrical potential energy consumed in a circuit is called electrical energy. 

16.  Commercial unit of electrical energy: -The Commercial unit of electrical energy is known as KWH( kilowatt hours). In daily life we see our electricity bill in KWH.It is also known as per unit  electricity bill. 

17.Electrical material: - On the basis of electrical nature material are divided in three form is given below: 

a).Conductor: - In this type of material electric current flows easily and the resistance of such type of material is low.

b).Semiconductor: - In this type of material electric current does not flow easily like a conductor but if we change certain physical conditions like temperature flow a little bit easily through it.

c).Insulator: -Insulators are the worst conductor of electric current or we can say that electric current does flow through it. Some time many of us think that if electric current does flow through Insulator then what is the use of Insulator in electrical engineering but my friend this type of nature of material is very useful for us because if  we do not have Insulator how we can protect from electricity.